Iron Sulphate Powder: Properties and Applications Iron sulphate powder, commonly known as ferrous sulphate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula FeSO₄. It appears as a greenish-white or pale blue crystalline powder, depending on its hydration state. The most prevalent forms are the heptahydrate (FeSO₄·7H₂O) and the anhydrous (FeSO₄) variants. This compound is highly soluble in water and exhibits acidic properties in solution due to the release of iron(II) ions (Fe²⁺) and sulphate ions (SO₄²⁻). Key Properties 1. Chemical Stability: Iron sulphate is stable under dry conditions but tends to oxidize in moist air, forming ferric sulphate (Fe₂(SO₄)₃) and turning yellowish-brown. 2. Solubility: It dissolves readily in water, producing a light green solution. 3. Redox Behavior: As a reducing agent, it reacts with oxidizing agents, making it useful in chemical processes. 4. Hygroscopic Nature: The heptahydrate form absorbs moisture from the air, requiring careful storage. Industrial and Agricultural Applications 1. Water Treatment: Iron sulphate is widely used in wastewater treatment to remove phosphates and heavy metals. It acts as a coagulant, aiding in the precipitation of contaminants. 2. Agriculture: As a soil amendment, it corrects iron deficiencies in plants (chlorosis) and lowers soil pH in alkaline conditions. It is also employed as a moss killer in lawns. 3. Pigment Production: It serves as a precursor for manufacturing iron oxide pigments, which are used in paints, inks, and construction materials. 4. Pharmaceuticals: In medicine, ferrous sulphate supplements treat iron-deficiency anemia due to its high bioavailability. 5. Textile Industry: It functions as a mordant in dyeing processes, helping fix dyes to fabrics. Safety and Handling Iron sulphate powder is generally safe when handled properly, but it can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon prolonged exposure. Ingestion of large quantities may lead to gastrointestinal distress. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and masks, should be used when handling the powder. Storage should be in a cool, dry place, away from oxidizing agents. Environmental Impact While beneficial in controlled applications, excessive release of iron sulphate into water bodies can lead to eutrophication, disrupting aquatic ecosystems. Proper disposal and adherence to environmental regulations are essential. In summary, iron sulphate powder is a versatile chemical with significant roles in agriculture, water treatment, and industrial processes. Its effectiveness, affordability, and ease of use make it a valuable compound across multiple sectors.